9781422269633

G E R M A N

FRench GERMAN IRISH UKRAINIAN

African Chinese GREEK INDIAN ITALIAN mexican MIDDLE EASTERN

G E R M A N

Jackson Peters

MASON CREST MIAMI

Mason Crest PO Box 221876, Hollywood, FL 33022 (866) MCP-BOOK (toll-free) • www.masoncrest.com

Copyright © 2024 by Mason Crest, an imprint of National Highlights, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America First printing 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN (hardback) 978-1-4222-4853-9 ISBN (series) 978-1-4222-4840-9 ISBN (ebook) 978-1-4222-6963-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Peters, Jackson, author. Title: German / Jackson Peters. Description: Hollywood, FL: Mason Crest, [2024] | Series: Customs, culture & cuisine | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2023027749 | ISBN 9781422248539 (hardback) | ISBN 9781422269633 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Germany--Juvenile literature.c | Food habits--Germany--Juvenile literature. | Cooking--Germany--Juvenile literature. Classification: LCC DD17 .P458 2024 | DDC 943--dc23/eng/20230703

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023027749 Developed and Produced by Crafted Content, LLC (www.craftedcontentllc.com) Cover and Interior Design by Torque Advertising + Design Publisher’s Note: Websites listed in this book were active at the time of publication. The publisher is not responsible for websites that have changed their address or discontinued operation since the date of publication. The publisher reviews and updates the websites each time the book is reprinted.

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KEY ICONS TO LOOK FOR: Sidebars: This boxed material within the main text allows readers to build knowledge, gain insights, explore possibilities, and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos: Readers can view videos by scanning our QR codes, providing them with additional educational content to supplement the text. Examples include news coverage, moments in history, speeches, iconic sports moments, and much more! Glossary of Key Terms: This back-of-the-book glossary contains terminology used throughout this book. Words found here increase the reader’s ability to read and comprehend higher-level books and articles in this field. Research Project: Readers are pointed toward an area of further inquiry that relates to each book and encourages deeper research and analysis. Introduction............................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Northern Germany.................................. 9 Chapter 2: Western Germany.................................. 25 Chapter 3: Eastern Germany................................... 39 Chapter 4: Southern Germany................................ 51 Chapter 5: German Food in America........................ 63 Research Project.................................................... 74 Glossary of Key Terms............................................. 75 Further Reading......................................................76 Internet Resources.................................................. 77 Index. .................................................................... 78 Author’s Biography & Credits................................... 80 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Germany is a country rich in history, culture, and cuisine, from the bustling cities of Berlin and Munich to the quaint villages of the Bavarian Alps. Located in Central Europe, Germany is bordered by nine other countries and boasts a wide variety of landscapes, from the rolling hills of the Black Forest to the lowlands of the north and the mountain ranges in the south. Historically, Germany was shaped by a range of cultural influences, including those of the Celts, Romans, and Vikings. Today, the country is known for its contributions to the arts, science, and technology, as well as its thriving economy and world-class education system. One of the most defining aspects of German culture is its cuisine. From the hearty dishes of Bavaria to the delicate flavors of the Rhineland, German food is diverse, flavorful, and often surprising. Whether you are enjoying a classic schnitzel in a traditional beer hall or sampling the latest creations of a cutting edge Michelin-starred restaurant, there is always something new and exciting to discover in Germany’s culinary scene. The customs, culture, and cuisine of this fascinating country can be examined by looking at four major geographic regions.  Northern Germany: This comprises the Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern regions. It is a land of expansive landscapes surrounded by the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The north is home to some of the country’s most historic and culturally significant cities, such as Hamburg, Bremen, and Hanover.  Western Germany: This diverse region encompasses three federal states: Rheinland-Pfalz, Hesse, and Nordrhein Westfalen, the most populous state in Germany, known for its industrial heritage. Hesse is known for its historical significance as the birthplace of many famous writers and philosophers; Frankfurt, an important financial center globally, can be found in the region.

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Rheinland-Pfalz is situated along the Rhine River and is dotted with Roman ruins, medieval castles, and picturesque towns.  Eastern Germany: A region with a complex history, Eastern Germany has been marked by periods of political division and cultural exchange. Berlin, Germany’s capital city, stands out as a global center of art, culture, and innovation. Brandenburg is a largely rural region surrounding Berlin, characterized by forests and lakes. Saxony is a state with a strong artistic and cultural identity, home to numerous museums, galleries, and theaters. To the east, Thuringen is known for its medieval architecture and picturesque landscapes. Saxony-Anhalt is another historically significant region that is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites.  Southern Germany: well-known for its natural beauty, Southern Germany is home to several distinctive cultures, including Bavarian, Swabian, and Franconian. Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is a

city of contrasts, with a cosmopolitan atmosphere alongside its traditional roots. Baden-Württemberg,

Schleswig Holstein

known for its rolling hills and vineyards, is a culinary hotspot. Finally, Saarland has a unique blend of

Mecklenburg Vorpommern

Hamburg

Lower Saxony

Berlin

Brandenburg

German and French influences, both in its culture and cuisine. The stories and traditions that make Germany such a fascinating and vibrant country are as delectable as the delicious flavors and dishes that define its culinary scene.

Saxony Anhalt

North Rhine-Westphalia

Saxony

Thuringia

Hesse

Rhineland Palatinate

Saarland

Bavaria

Baden Wurttemberg

Introduction

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LABSKAUS INGREDIENTS:

onion, butter, potatoes, milk, beef broth, corned beef, pickled beets, rollmops (pickled herring wrapped around a gherkin pickle), eggs, salt, and pepper

Northern Germany CHAPTER

Northern Germany is defined by its maritime culture and historic port cities, as well as its lush green landscapes. Hamburg, the largest metropolis in the north, is a bustling center known for its nightlife and world-class museums. Bremen, another city-state, is also known for its historic charm and vibrant cultural scene. Hanover, as the capital of Lower Saxony, is also an important economic center and a hub for technology and innovation, while Kiel is a picturesque city on the Baltic coast that is known for its sailing and water sports. Coastal Cities Northern Germany borders Denmark to the north and the Netherlands to the west. While it is home to major German cities, the region is also known for its beautiful coastline, stretching along both the North and Baltic Seas. These two seas have had a significant impact on the history and culture of Northern Germany. The region has been shaped by centuries of trade, fishing, and shipbuilding. The seaports of Hamburg and Kiel, in particular, have played important roles in its development, serving as hubs for trade, transportation, and cultural

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exchange. Today, the region remains a hub for maritime industries, as well as a popular destination for tourists who come to enjoy the region’s beaches and coastal towns. In addition to its geographical location, Northern Germany is also home to several important rivers, including the Elbe, the Weser, and the Oder. This network of rivers and waterways has played a key role in the region’s agriculture and transportation while also shaping its customs and traditions, including its cuisine. Rich Historical Heritage Attracted by its strategic location, many tribes and empires have left their mark on Northern Germany, weaving together a long history with cultural influences that can still be felt today. Hanseatic League Northern Germany was once the heart of the Hanseatic League, a powerful alliance of cities and merchant guilds that dominated trade in the Baltic Sea region during the Middle Ages. The Hanseatic League was a medieval trading organization that linked Hamburg with other ports across Europe. The league played a major role in the economic and cultural development of Northern Germany, influencing the region’s architecture, art, and customs. Reformation While what is called Northern Germany today was still part of the Holy Roman Empire in the 16th century, the country is still considered to be the birthplace of Protestantism. Martin Luther, the German monk who launched the Reformation, spent much of his life in the region and preached in several of its cities. The Protestant Reformation had a profound impact on Northern Germany, shaping its religious and cultural landscape for centuries to come. Prussian Empire During the 19th century, Northern Germany was part of the Prussian Empire, which was one of the greatest powers in Europe at the

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The northern port city of Hamburg surrounds the Elbe River, which connects it to the North Sea.

time. The region played a key role in unifying Germany as a single economic and cultural entity, growing in power until most Southern German states decided to join the North German Confederation and form the German Empire in 1871. World War II Like much of the country, Northern Germany was heavily impacted by World War II, and many of its cities were seriously damaged by Allied bombing. However, in the years following the war, the region rebuilt and emerged as an economic powerhouse, with cities like Hamburg and Hanover becoming important centers of industry, commerce, and innovation. Hamburg Hamburg’s history as a Hanseatic city has also played a role in shaping its cuisine. The league imported dishes from across the continent that are still enjoyed today. For example, marzipan , a sweet confection made from almonds and sugar, was introduced to Hamburg by the Hanseatic merchants and is still a popular treat in the city.

Chapter 1: Northern Germany

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Hamburg has a long history of migration, which has resulted in a thriving cultural diversity. For centuries, people have come from all over the world to settle in Hamburg, bringing their culinary traditions with them. As a result, the city now offers a unique assortment of international restaurants and cafes. One of the defining characteristics of Hamburg’s cuisine is its focus on seafood, particularly fresh fish from the North and Baltic Seas. The city’s location on the Elbe River and its access to the North Sea have made seafood a staple of the local diet for centuries. The cuisine also incorporates ingredients from nearby regions, such as the potatoes and vegetables of Lower Saxony and the game of Schleswig-Holstein. Ingredients and Resources Fish like herring, cod, and salmon, as well as shrimp and mussels from the nearby North Sea are all readily available in Hamburg. The Elbe River also provides a variety of freshwater fish, such as eel and pike. This natural network of irrigation allows the region to cultivate most of its own fresh vegetables, including potatoes, carrots, and turnips, as well as cabbage, onions, and beets. The proximity to waterways also means that surrounding farmlands can provide the city with fresh dairy products like milk, butter, cheese, and meats like pork and beef. Thanks to this abundance of fresh products, Hamburg has become home to a variety of bakeries and patisseries which produce traditional German bread, pastries, and cakes. Cooking Styles and Dishes The cuisine in Hamburg is influenced by both German and Scandinavian culinary traditions, with a focus on fresh, high-quality ingredients and simple preparations that let the natural flavors shine. In terms of cooking styles, Hamburg cuisine tends to be hearty and comforting, with dishes like Labskaus , Finkenwerder Scholle , and Pannfisch being popular choices. Many dishes are also prepared

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In the north, fresh seafood, such as herring, is used liberally in local dishes.

using traditional German techniques, such as braising, roasting, and smoking, which help to enhance the natural flavors of the ingredients. Some of the most common dishes in Hamburg include: • Aalsuppe : A hearty soup made from eel, potatoes, and various vegetables such as leeks, carrots, and celery. • Birnen, Bohnen und Speck : A traditional dish made from boiled green beans, bacon, and pears, often served with potatoes. • Finkenwerder Scholle : A pan-fried plaice filet served with bacon, onions, and potatoes. • Franzbrötchen : A sweet pastry similar to a cinnamon roll, often eaten for breakfast or as a snack.

Chapter 1: Northern Germany

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• Hamburger Aalspeicher : Smoked eel served with potatoes and vegetables. • Labskaus : A popular dish made from mashed potatoes, corned beef, onions, and beetroot, often served with pickles and rollmops. • Matjes : Raw, marinated herring often served with onions, sour cream, and potatoes. • Pannfisch : Fried fish (usually cod or haddock) served with potatoes and a variety of vegetables such as carrots, peas, and spinach. • Hamburger Pannfisch : A variation of pannfisch , but made with herring instead of cod or haddock. • Rote Grütze : A dessert made from a mixture of red fruits (such as raspberries, cherries, and currants) thickened with cornstarch or semolina.

This video highlights some of the most popular dishes from across Northern Germany.

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Matjes is a seafood dish commonly found on Hamburg dinner tables.

Lower Saxony As a region, Lower Saxony’s cuisine is also mainly influenced by its location against the North Sea. The resulting fusion incorporates local agricultural resources with international flavors brought in by commerce. Bremen, being a major port city, has a long history of international trade and cultural exchange, which has turned its cuisine into a mix of traditional German dishes and international flavors. The city-state is particularly known for its seafood dishes, including smoked eel, herring, and mackerel. Hanover, which is a landlocked city in the east of the region, has a more traditional German cuisine, with a focus on hearty meat dishes such as schnitzel and sausages. While lacking the more international influences of the coastal region, the west of Lower Saxony was once home to many nobles and wealthy landowners, leading to the development of elaborate and refined dishes served in grand estates. Today, many of these dishes, such as the Hanoverian roast goose, are still enjoyed during festive occasions.

Chapter 1: Northern Germany

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Local Ingredients Lower Saxony is known for its agricultural production due to its fertile soil and vast farmlands, which provide a variety of local ingredients for the region’s cuisine. Some of its native ingredients and resources include: • Asparagus: Lower Saxony is the largest asparagus-growing region in Germany, particularly known for its white asparagus which is grown in sandy soils around the towns of Nienburg and Braunschweig. Asparagus season usually starts in late April and ends in June.

TOWN MUSICIANS OF BREMEN

A famous fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm from 1819 tells the story of four domestic animals, a donkey, a dog, a cat, and a rooster, who are past their prime and useless to their masters deciding to go to the Northern German city of Bremen to become musicians. On their way, they come across a cottage full of robbers, and they scare them away by making a ruckus. The animals take over the house, eat, and rest. Later that night, the robbers return, but the animals fight back, and the robbers think they are attacked by a witch, a dwarf, a monster, and a judge, and they run away. The animals take over the cottage and live happily ever after. Despite the fact that the animals never actually made it to Bremen, the city built a statue of the four pals in honor of the tale in 1953.

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