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The industrialization that spread across Europe and America created great upheaval in the economy, but also created many factory jobs.

vancing rapidly. It had started decades earlier, with the invention of the steam engine, but now even more powerful and sophisticated machinery dominated. Textile mills and steel factories started to produce large quantities of goods. Electricity became widespread. Telephones and automobiles were invented. The Industrial Revolution did not affect all countries the same. African and Asian nations, as well as some European nations such as Greece and Italy, were not able to fully capitalize on the technological advances. But others, includingCanada, Britain, Australia, and especially the United States, were transforming their economies. Factories and mills required huge numbers of workers. Many of