9781422279908

Orthotists & Prosthetists

Careers in Healthcare

Athletic Trainers Clinical & Medical Laboratory Scientists Dental Hygienists Dietitian Nutritionists EMTs & Paramedics Nurses Physical Therapists Physician Assistants Respiratory Therapists Speech Pathologists & Audiologists Ultrasound Technicians Occupational Therapists Orthotists & Prosthetists

Orthotists & Prosthetists

Samantha Simon

Mason Crest Philadelphia

Mason Crest 450 Parkway Drive, Suite D

Broomall, PA 19008 www.masoncrest.com ©2018 by Mason Crest, an imprint of National Highlights, Inc.

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Printed and bound in the United States of America. CPSIA Compliance Information: Batch #CHC2017. For further information, contact Mason Crest at 1-866-MCP-Book. First printing 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

on file at the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-1-4222-3802-8 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4222-7990-8 (ebook) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4222-3337-5 (hc) ISBN 978-1-4222-8622-7 (ebook)

1. Southwestern States—Juvenile literature. 2. Arizona—Juvenile literature. 3. California—Juvenile literature. 4. Nevada—Juvenile literature. I. Title. F785.7.L37 2015 979—dc23 2014050200

Careers in Healthcare series ISBN: 978-1-4222-3794-6

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Table of Contents 1: What Is a Prosthetist or Orthotist? ........................7 2: A Look at the Opportunities ................................17 3: Education and Training ........................................27 4: Evolution of the Profession ..................................37 5: Overview and Interview ......................................45 Series Glossary of Key Terms....................................58 Further Reading ........................................................60 Internet Resources ....................................................61 Index ..........................................................................62 Photo Credits/About the Author..............................64

Words to understand: These words with their easy-to-understand definitions will increase the reader’s understanding of the text while building vocabulary skills.

Sidebars: This boxed material within the main text allows readers to build knowl- edge, gain insights, explore possibilities, and broaden their perspectives by weaving together additional information to provide realistic and holistic perspectives. Educational Videos: Readers can view videos by scanning our QR codes, providing them with additional educational content to supplement the text. Examples include news coverage, moments in history, speeches, iconic sports moments and much more!

Text-dependent questions: These questions send the reader back to the text for more careful attention to the evidence presented there.

Research projects: Readers are pointed toward areas of further inquiry connected to each chapter. Suggestions are provided for projects that encourage deeper research and analysis. Series glossary of key terms: This back-of-the-book glossary contains terminology used throughout this series. Words found here increase the reader’s ability to read and comprehend higher-level books and articles in this field.

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Prosthetics try to bring people back to their full potential, even giving them the ability to run or play sports again.

Words to Understand in This Chapter

amputation— the process of surgically removing a limb or another body part. baby-boomer population— the post–World War II generation, born in the United States between 1945 and 1964; during this time there was a higher-than-aver- age birth rate. bilateral amputee— an amputee who has had both limbs removed, either both arms or both legs. biomechanics— the understanding of movement and the workings of living things, specifically humans. orthotics— the making of artificial joints, splints, and braces. prosthesis— an artificial limb or other body part. prosthetics— the making and fitting of artificial limbs or other body parts.

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What Is a Prosthetist or Orthotist? M edicine and technology are constantly intertwining to make human life better. A perfect example of this is the field of prosthetics . A prosthesis is an artificial body part, usually placed in or on the human body to allow for normal movement or function. People lose limbs or suffer orthopedic impairment for many reasons, including accidents, combat injuries, birth defects, and debilitating diseases. Patients may also need orthopedic braces, also known as orthoses. The health care workers who specialize in these arti- ficial limbs are called orthotists and prosthetists. O&Ps, the shorthand term, help their patients regain their mobility by fit- ting them with artificial limbs and braces.

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The duties of orthotists and prosthetists include:

• Performing a detailed assessment to determine the patient’s orthotic or prosthetic needs. • Assessing the patient’s status, including her mobility, muscle strength, sensory function, range of motion, and joint stabil- ity to allow for the best prosthesis or brace. • Developing a plan that addresses the patient’s needs and goals. • Selecting the appropriate design, materials, and components for optimum strength, durability, and function. • Measuring and fitting the proper artificial body part, joint, splint, or brace for the patient. • Discussing treatment plans with the patient. • Training the patient in the proper use of the prosthetic or orthotic device. • Creating the device and making adjustments for proper alignment, maximum function, and comfort. • Explaining how to maintain the device; this is crucial for the patient because the device is now part of her body. • Providing follow-up care with patients and help with any needs they have with their devices. Orthotists and prosthetists may work in both orthotics and pros- thetics, or they may specialize in working with a particular area or population. Orthotists are specifically trained to work with medical support devices, such as spinal or knee braces, also known as orthoses. Prosthetists are specifically trained to work with prostheses, such as artificial limbs and other body parts.

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Orthotists & Prosthetists

Prosthetists Prosthetists are health care pro- fessionals who evaluate, create, and custom-fit artificial limbs, known as prostheses. Prostheses are used to enhance the function and lifestyle of people with limb

Did You Know?

The word prosthetic is Greek for “addition.”

loss. Prosthetic patients may have been born with limb defi- ciency or have experienced amputation due to trauma, cancer or other life-threatening diseases, infection, or abnormalities in blood vessels or nerves that required amputations. The pros- thesis is custom-made for each patient and must be a unique combination of appropriate materials, alignment, design, and construction. These prostheses, which are machines and enhancements to replicate limbs, allow for greater movement and function for patients and give them a better quality of life. Orthotists Orthotists are medical professionals who make, fit, and adjust different types of orthopedic braces, known as orthoses. Orthotists draw on their knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics , and engineering. Orthoses are external braces

and devices that are used to mod- ify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromus- cular and skeletal system. These braces allow for better move- ment, aid in rehabilitation, cor- rect shapes of bones or parts of

Did You Know?

One out of every 200 people in the United States has undergone an amputation.

What Is a Prosthetist or Orthotist?

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the body, and even enable people requiring these orthoses to play sports.

A Team Approach Some orthotists and prosthetists construct individualized cus- tom-made devices for their patients. Medical appliance techni- cians supervise the construction of the orthotic or prosthetic devices. All the health care professionals who are treating the patient, including therapists, doctors, and nurses, work hand in hand on teams for patients with prostheses and orthoses.

This fascinating field encompasses a vari- ety of specialized careers, each of which con- tributes to designing, making, fitting, modify- ing, repairing, and maintaining orthotic and prosthetic devices. In addition to creating these limbs, prosthetists and orthotists focus on assisting patients in using them correctly, fitting them to their body, and making them responsive to the patients’ specific needs.

Prosthetists make various types of pros- thetics for all sorts of patients, male and female.

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Orthotists & Prosthetists

Knee braces are one of the most common braces made by orthotists for athletes.

What Is a Prosthetist or Orthotist?

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No orthotics or prosthetics are the same. It is all dependent on the patient’s needs.

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Orthotists & Prosthetists

“An Experience I’ll Never Forget” A prosthetist was asked to share a real-life story about an experi- ence he had had with a patient that would stay with him forev- er. He responded: There was a person who was in the armed services and made it through two tours in Iraq, and when he came back he got hit by a drunk driver and became a bilateral amputee , losing both legs. That still sticks in my mind, but you have to keep a positive atti- tude with it. I created the prostheses for this person and was able to see him improve. It was amazing seeing a bilateral amputee go from being in a wheelchair to walking on his own again. I am extremely fortunate to be able to help a person who has put his life on the line to fight for this country and ultimately get his function back. I am honored to serve him.

Job Outlook Employment opportunities for orthotists and prosthetists are projected to grow 23 percent from 2014 to 2024. This is almost two times faster than the average for all occupations, and one of the highest percentages in the medical field. The only down- side is that this profession is extremely small. So only about 1,900 new jobs will be created over that ten-year period. This amounts to many fewer jobs in comparison to other health care

What Is a Prosthetist or Orthotist? 13

Prosthetics and orthotics are growing in demand, in part due to the aging population.

professions, such as nursing, which is creating tens of thou- sands of jobs. The projected surge in jobs in the prosthetist-orthotist pro- fession stems from the large baby-boomer population . This aging population will create an increasing need for orthotists and prosthetists because limb loss is most commonly seen among the geriatric population. Why? Because diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both prevalent among seniors, are the leading causes of limb loss. In addition, people are living longer as a result of advancements in medicine and technology. As a result, these older people will continue to need devices designed and fitted by orthotists and prosthetists, such as braces and orthopedic footwear, to help with movement and

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Orthotists & Prosthetists