9781422280454

Chapter 1 Modification Methods W ords to U nderstand artificial selection: when humans choose which plants and animals to breed, creating organisms with desired traits. cross-pollinate: to combine the reproductive material of two different types of plants; it can happen on purpose or by accident in nature. genes: units of inherited information passed from parents to children that determine different traits. genetic engineering: the process of manipulating the genetic material of an organism, often by inserting new DNA into the organism. genetically modified organism (GMO): a plant or animal that has had its genetic material altered to create new characteristics. hemophilia: a condition where the blood is unable to clot properly, resulting in excessive bleeding even after minor cuts or injuries. hereditary: something determined by genetic information that is passed from parents to children. mutagenesis: when the genetic information of an organism is altered, either naturally or by exposing it to something that causes a genetic mutation such as radiation or chemicals. pesticide: the general term for any substance used to kill unwanted organisms, including weeds, insects, and bacteria, that can damage crops.

9