9781422280461

Chapter 1 What Is Gluten? W ords to U nderstand carbohydrates: organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (like sugars and starches) that can be broken down to produce energy in plants and animals. crossbreeding: combining different species or varieties of plants or animals into a new organism. endosperm: a tissue produced in the seeds of flowering plants to provide nutrition to the embryo. gliadin: along with glutenin, one of the two storage proteins that make up gluten. glutelin: a type of protein found in many grass-related grains that can be dissolved in certain acids or bases. glutenin: along with gliadin, one of the two storage proteins that make up gluten. lipid: a type of fatty acid such as oil or wax. prolamin: a type of protein found in many grass-related grains that can be dissolved in some alcohol solutions. O n the popular late-night television show Jimmy Kimmel Live , a field reporter asked four Los Angeles residents whether they kept a gluten-free diet. All four responded yes. The reporter pressed on with the question, asking, “What is gluten?” Answers ranged from “a flour derivative” to “a part of the wheat” to

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