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Navigating with a Map and a Compass 11

• Red topographic symbols—show main roads and built-up areas. • Yellow topographic symbols—show minor roads.

The three norths The north represented by the grid lines on elite soldiers’ maps may differ from the north indicated by their compass. • True north: the celestial north, which is gained from accurate sun readings or from the stars. • Grid north: the north that map grid lines follow, and from which map bearings are taken. • Magnetic north: the north to which a compass points, and from which all magnetic land bearings are taken.

Ground troops need to be expert map-readers, as these troops demonstrate while on duty in the Caribbean island of Grenada in 1983.