A History of the Civil Rights Movement

INDEX

63

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 8 , 45–46, 47 Marshall, Thurgood, 22, 24, 25 , 33, 39 McCain, Franklin, 35–36 McDonald, Susie, 33 McNair, Denise, 47 McNeil, Joseph, 35–36 Milam, John W., 27 military integration, 23–24 Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 48 Montgomery bus boycott, 28 , 30, 32–34 Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), 32–33 Morgan, Irene, 40 Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia , 39, 40 Nabrit, James M., 25 Nash, Diane, 37–38, 39 , 40 Nashville Student Movement (NSM), 37–38 National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 24, 29, 32, 33, 39, 44, 46 founding of the, 22 Legal Defense Fund, 22, 24 Newton, Huey, 50 Niagara Movement, 21 Nixon, E. D., 32, 33 nonviolent protest, 27, 29–30, 31, 35, 44, 50 North Carolina Central Agriculture and

Technical College, 36, 37

Shuttlesworth, Fred, 34, 43, 45 sit-ins, 35–39 See also nonviolent protest slavery, 9–10, 12 , 13–15 Smith, Mary Louise, 30, 33 Southern Christian

Obama, Barack, 53 Parks, Rosa, 28 , 30, 32, 33, 39, 51 Plessy, Homer, 18–19 Plessy v. Ferguson , 19, 24 See also segregation politicians, African American, 16–17, 52 poll taxes, 18 See also voting rights race riots, 21, 42 , 52 Randolph, A. Philip, 23–24, 45 Ray, James Earl, 52 Reconstruction, 15–17 Reynolds, Grant, 23–24 Richmond, David, 35–36 Robertson, Carole, 47 Robinson, Jo Ann, 30, 32 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 23 Rustin, Bayard, 27, 31, 34, 39 , 45 Schwerner, Michael, 48–49 Seale, Bobby, 50 segregation, 10, 11 , 12–13, 20 , 21, 22, 43–45, 49 and education, 24–26, 42 at lunch counters, 35–38 in the military, 23–24 and transportation, 18–19, 29–30, 32–34, 39–41 See also Jim Crow dis crimination Selma march, 49, 51, 58

Leadership Council (SCLC), 34, 35, 38, 39 , 43, 52

Steele, C. K., 34 Student Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee (SNCC), 39, 40, 47–48, 50 Thirteenth Amendment, 15 Tilden, Samuel, 17 Till, Emmett, 27 Truman, Harry S., 23 , 24 voting rights, 12, 16, 17 , 18, 51, 52, 58 and Freedom Summer, 47–49 Voting Rights Act, 51, 52 Wallace, George, 42 , 43 Warren, Earl, 26 Washington, Booker T., 21, 22 Wesley, Cynthia, 47 West, Ben, 38 Wilkins, Roy, 46, 51 Women’s Political Council (WPC), 30, 32

World War II, 23 Wright, Moses, 27 Zwerg, James, 40