9781422273432

are otherwise altered by their environments after death, or forensic taphonomy . Forensic anthropologists should be familiar with all three areas of research in order to investigate and solve crimes. Through their analysis, they can determine factors such as the age, sex, and ancestry of a victim, all of which can lead to identification and a sense of closure for the victim’s family. As of 2019, there were approximately 200 people with a Ph.D. in forensic anthropology in the United States. The separate field of forensic anthropology emerged in the 19th century as a way for physical anthropologists—people who studied how physical traits and culture are related—to help solve crimes or identify bodies. Forensic anthropologists today can work for government agencies, museums, or colleges and universities, or as independent consultants. Few people work full- time analyzing the remains of unidentified crime victims. Instead, they combine their investigations and research with college teaching, consulting, and research to advance knowledge in the field. Education Requirements The American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA) advises students who want to become forensic anthropologists to obtain an education in biological or physical anthropology. Practicing forensic anthropologists need a Ph.D. or master’s degree. Graduate studies include courses in anatomy, probability and statistics, archaeology, and other methods and techniques essential for work in the field. The majority of forensic anthropologists work in academia, as college teachers or academic researchers. According to the ABFA, there are few job opportunities for people with only bachelor’s degrees in forensic anthropology. They report that relatively few people practice forensic anthropology full time. Instead, forensic anthropologists combine their expertise with other work, including college teaching, law enforcement, and work for government organizations. Beyond the basic education requirements, forensic anthropologists can obtain additional credentials after proving themselves in the field. The ABFA offers a certification program for experienced forensic anthropologists. Applicants must not only demonstrate proficiency in forensic anthropology techniques, but also demonstrate upstanding moral character within their communities. Successful applicants are awarded the title of Diplomate with the ABFA.

8

Forensic Anthropology