9781422275511

I N D O N E S I A

ASIAN  COUNTRIES TODAY

ASIAN  COUNTRIES TODAY

CHINA INDONESIA JAPAN MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE SOUTH KOREA THAILAND VIETNAM

I N D O N E S I A

ASIAN  COUNTRIES TODAY

CATRINA  DANIElS-COWART

MASON CREST

PHIlADElPHIA MIAMI

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ISBN (hardback) 978-1-4222-4265-0 ISBN (series) 978-1-4222-4263-6 ISBN (ebook) 978-1-4222-7551-1 Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file with the Library of Congress

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indonesia at a Glance ..................................................................6 chapter 1: Indonesia’s Geography & landscape.......................11 chapter 2: The Government & History of Indonesia................. 19 chapter 3 : The Indonesian Economy......................................... 31 chapter 4 : Citizens of Indonesia—People, Customs & Culture. 49 chapter 5: Famous Cities of Indonesia...................................... 67 chapter 6: A Bright Future for Indonesia................................... 79 indonesian food ........................................................................ 84 festivals & holidays .................................................................. 86 Series Glossary of Key Terms...................................................... 88 Chronology.................................................................................. 90 Further Reading & Internet Resources....................................... 91 Index............................................................................................ 92 Organizations to Contact............................................................ 95 Author’s Biography & Credits...................................................... 96

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series Glossary of Key terms: This back-of-the book glossary contains terminology used throughout this series. Words found here increase the reader’s ability to read and comprehend higher-level books and articles in this field.

I N D O N E S I A

A T

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G L A N C E

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the Geography of indonesia

location: Southeastern Asia on an archipelago between the Pacific and Indian Oceans  area:         Approximately three times the size                       of Texas total :         1,183,444 square miles (1,904,569                       sq. km) land:          1,125,656 square miles                       (1,811,569 sq. km) water:       57,787 square miles (93,000 sq. km) borders:   The closest neighbors include                       Malaysia, Papua New Guinea,                       Timor-leste climate:   Humid, hot, and tropical. The                       weather is more moderate in the                       highland areas  terrain:   Mostly coastal lowlands. The larger                        islands are mountainous. elevation extremes: lowest:      Indian Ocean exactly at sea level highest     Puncak Jaya at 16,023 feet (4,884  point:        meters) above sea level natural hazards: Severe droughts, occasional flooding, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires, tsunamis. Indonesia is home to more volcanoes than any other place in the world. Approximately seventy-six are active, with significant activity in Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi Island, Merapi, the Banda Sea, and on Halmahera and Sanghe Islands  Source: www.cia.gov 2017

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The flag of Indonesia is simple, with a red horizontal        stripe and white horizontal stripe dividing the flag         into halves. This design was adopted on August 17,                              1945,  just three days after World War II ended. Indonesia did not obtain independence from the Netherlands until 1949, but it retained the same flag design throughout. The flag has been associated with Indonesia as far back as the Majapahit Empire in the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries. The two colors stand for courage and honesty. This flag is also identical to the flag of Monaco, except for the overall dimensions. Indonesia’s flag’s dimensions have a ratio of 2:3.

F L A G

O F

I N D O N E S I A

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the people of indonesia population: 262,787,403 ethnic Groups: Bumiputera              (Malays and original peoples,               including Orang Asli, Dayak, Anak               Negeri), Chinese, and Indian age structure:              0–14 years: 27.83%                (8,732,075)              15–24 years: 16.81%                (7,943,772)               25–54 years: 41%               (12,866,261)              55–64 years: 8.27%                  (2,593.889)              65 years and over: 6.1%                (1,912,975) population Growth rate:              1.37% death rate:              19.1 births/1,000 pop. migration rate:              5.1 deaths/1,000 pop. infant mortality rate:              12.5 deaths/1,000 live birth life expectancy at birth:              total population: 72.2 years              male: 72.4 years              female: 78.2 years total fertility rate:              2.1 children born/woman religions:              Muslim 61.3%, Buddhist 19.8%,               Christian 9.2%, Hindu 6.3%               Confucianism, Taoism, others 3.5%  languages:              Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese,               Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Thai literacy rate:              94.6%                     Source: www.cia.gov 2017

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Padar is a small island located between Komodo and Rinca islands within the Komodo archipelago.

fault: a planar fracture or break in a rock due to rock- mass movement tectonic plates: pieces of the Earth’s mantle that float and travel independently of one another topography: the way an area’s natural and artificial physical features are arranged

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C H A P T E R

INDONESIA’S GEOGRAPHY & LANDSCAPE

1

I ndonesia is a place where diversity creates unity. It’s composed of thousands of islands stretching over 5,000 miles (8,000 km), making it no small feat to explore this beautiful country. Indonesia is home to rain forests, beaches, offshore reefs, unique wildlife, and various topographies that make it a tourist’s dream destination. Geography The geography of Indonesia is mostly made up of coastal lowlands. On the larger islands, interior mountains make up some regions. Indonesia is home to the most volcanoes in the world. The islands that make up Indonesia are set upon various tectonic plates . That explains the frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. Specifically, the Banda Arc is a grouping of volcanic islands. One of the deepest points in Indonesia, the Weber Deep, is the largest exposed fault on Earth. Located in the Ring of Fire, Indonesia lies within a region that sees 90 percent of the world’s earthquakes. It also contains around 75 percent of all active volcanoes on the planet.

INDONESIA’S  GEOGRAPHY & lANDSCAPE 11

The Climate Indonesia’s climate is tropical in most areas. The country is split by the equator, which puts it in the position of being constantly warm and humid, but with significant variations in rainfall. Coastal plains range in temperature but average around 82° Fahrenheit (27° Celsius) year round. In inland and mountain areas, temperatures are around 78° Fahrenheit (25° Celsius) year round. Even in the highest mountain areas, temperatures still reach 73° Fahrenheit (22° Celsius) on average. Combined with an average humidity of between 70 and 90 percent, it’s easy to see why this tropical land is prone to monsoons. Typhoons are also common. The period between June and September is considered to be the dry season. The rainy season is between December and March. The islands to the west and north receive the most rain. However, between

maluk beach, sumbawa island

             located along the western coast on southern Sumbawa Island is Maluk Beach. Maluk Beach is popular among travelers despite the fact that it’s a rural location. The area is perfect for people looking to get a true village experience. Common activities on the island include wave surfing and sunbathing. Perhaps most importantly is that this island is home to the Malu Turtle Conservation Center. The center focuses on returning sea turtles to the ocean and helping their numbers continue to grow safely. The turtle population is highly monitored on the island, and when it’s time, hatchlings are released while tourists and advocates stand by.

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September and December is when the most typhoons impact the islands. Typhoons can produce heavy rains and winds, but not every storm is particularly strong. In some years, there are few storms to speak of. Every month of the year has an average temperature that falls above 64° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius), but actual temperatures are often much warmer. Fauna and Flora There are over 14,700 islands that make up Indonesia. As such, it is perhaps no surprise that the islands are among the most biodiverse in the world. The country has the fourth largest population on the planet, but it is also home to the most forests on Earth, after the Amazon. Indonesia is home to 16 percent of Earth’s birds,

The Air Terjun Tiu Kelep Waterfall is situated in a rain forest on the island of Lombok.

INDONESIA’S  GEOGRAPHY & lANDSCAPE 13

14 percent of the planet’s fish—both fresh and saltwater varieties—13 percent of its mammals, 7 percent of its reptiles, 6 percent of its amphibians, and forty-six unique primate species. Even more impressively, the islands are home to 11 percent of the flowering plants on Earth. With so much at stake, it’s important to understand that Indonesia is a place where conservation is vital. Fauna & Flora International, for example, focuses on preventing deforestation and encouraging conservation across several islands. It also works to prevent illegal trafficking of tigers and to protect the wildlife. This is just one agency working to protect the environment and its inhabitants in Indonesia. Indonesia is known for its shocking number of unique species. Orangutans hail from Indonesia in Sumatra and Borneo. Komodo dragons, dangerous but popular, can be found on Komodo. On the north-western tip of Java, it’s possible to see the

This short 2-minute video gives a brief overview of Indonesia and its geographic challenges. Scan the QR code with your phone to watch!

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