9781422278802

B R A Z I L

Brazilian soldiers celebrated upon the declaration of their country’s independence from Portugal in 1822.

Half a Century of Stability In the early 19th century, Emperor Napoleon of France invaded Portugal. ThePortuguese royal familyfled toBrazil and ruled fromthere. Eventually they returned home, leaving Prince Pedro in charge of the colony. To their surprise, Pedro declared Brazil’s independence on September 7, 1822. He became Emperor Pedro I of the Empire of Brazil. Pedro returned to Portugal nine years later. His son Pedro II became emperor and ruled for 49 years. Many historians believe he was the best

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