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World War I Many Sydney citizens fought in the World War I (1914-18), most famously at Gallipoli in Turkey. The Anzac Memorial in Sydney’s Hyde Park commemorates them. After the war, in the early 1930s, economic depression struck Sydney. Unemployment soared, but the wool trade recovered and new industries grew. World War II Sydneysiders also fought in the World War II (1939-45), both overseas and at home. On 31 May 1942 three Japanese submarines sailed into Sydney Harbor to attack an American ship. They did not reach their target and were sunk.

Australian soldiers in the trenches at Gallipoli, where they fought from 1915-16. The ill-planned attack cost 36,000 lives.

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Immigration and expansion

BIG CELEBRATIONS

After the war, in 1947, the Australian government encouraged immigration to provide skilled workers for industry. Thousands of people from many countries poured into Sydney. The city has continued to grow ever since. In 2013 Sydney celebrated its 225th anniversary.

When Sydney celebrated its first centenary (100th birthday) in 1888, there were joyful street parades and a regatta in the harbor. A new park, Centennial Park, was opened. Thirteen years later, the ceremony to mark the birth of Australia was held there. When Sydney reached 200 in 1988, the festivities were even more magnificent. The Summer Olympics drew the attention of the world to Sydney in 2000, with Sydney Harbor the centerpiece of the opening and closing celebrations. In 2015, the nation remembered the 100th anniversary of the events at Gallipoli (above).

The Sydney of 1802 is no longer recognizable in this 1905 photo. In 100 years, the settlement

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had become an impressive city.

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SYDNEY